I have heard that the six days stand for the six stages of spiritual evolution mankind went thought. There have come six great prophets (Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Musa, Isa, Muhammad, peace on them all) furthering the development of mankind. But in sura 41 of the Quran the details of the creation proces is told;
So how does this play in with our docterine?Say: Is it that ye deny Him Who created the earth in two Days? And do ye join equals with Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds.
He set on the (earth), mountains standing firm, high above it, and bestowed blessings on the earth, and measure therein all things to give them nourishment in due proportion, in four Days, in accordance with (the needs of) those who seek (Sustenance).
Moreover He comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye together, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together), in willing obedience."
So He completed them as seven firmaments in two Days, and He assigned to each heaven its duty and command. And We adorned the lower heaven with lights, and (provided it) with guard. Such is the Decree of (Him) the Exalted in Might, Full of Knowledge.
Quran 41-9:12